Search | Engineering

订阅投稿

首页工程期刊工程焦点工程成就工程前沿关于我们 English

资源类型

期刊论文 186

年份

2023 14

2022 9

2021 22

2020 34

2019 12

2018 12

2017 13

2016 8

2015 9

2014 9

2013 5

2012 5

2011 4

2010 9

2009 8

2008 1

2007 3

2005 1

2004 1

2000 1

展开︾

关键词

新冠病毒肺炎 8

COVID-19 4

糖尿病 4

新型冠状病毒肺炎 3

2型糖尿病 2

SARS-CoV-2 2

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 2

中药 2

临床特征 2

临床试验 2

人工智能 2

人工神经网络 2

传染病 2

先天性心脏病 2

公共卫生 2

安全性 2

心血管疾病 2

慢性病防控 2

抗病性 2

展开︾

检索范围：

排序：展示方式：

PulseNet China, a model for future laboratory-based bacterial infectious disease surveillance in China

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 366-375 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0214-6

摘要：

Surveillance is critical for the prevention and control of infectious disease. China’s real-time web-based infectious disease reporting system is a distinguished achievement. However, many aspects of the current China Infectious Disease Surveillance System do not yet meet the demand for timely outbreak detection and identification of emerging infectious disease. PulseNet, the national molecular typing network for foodborne disease surveillance was first established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States in 1995 and has proven valuable in the early detection of outbreaks and tracing the pathogen source. Since 2001, the China CDC laboratory for bacterial pathogen analysis has been a member of the PulseNet International family; and has been adapting the idea and methodology of PulseNet to develop a model for a future national laboratory-based surveillance system for all bacterial infectious disease. We summarized the development progress for the PulseNet China system and discussed it as a model for the future of China’s national laboratory-based surveillance system.

关键词： infectious disease laboratory-based infectious disease surveillance pulse field gel electrophoresis multilocus sequencing typing PulseNet China

HTML PDF 收藏

Toll-like receptors in innate immunity and infectious diseases

Min-Hao WU, Ping ZHANG, Xi HUANG,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 385-393 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0600-x

摘要： The protective ability of host defense system is largely dependent on germ-line encoded pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). These PRRs respond to a variety of exogenous pathogens or endogenous danger signals, by recognizing some highly conserved structures such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger/damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The most studied PRRs are Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Activation of TLRs triggers production of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons (IFNs) via myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-dependent or-independent signaling respectively, thereby modulating innate and adaptive immunity, as well as inflammatory responses. This review introduces the classification, structure, and specific ligands of TLRs, and focuses on their signal pathways and biological activities, as well as clinical relevance. These studies of TLRs in the innate immune system have implications for the prevention and treatment of a variety of infectious diseases, including tuberculosis (TB), microbial keratitis, and hepatitis B and C.

关键词： Toll-like receptors innate immunity infectious disease inflammation

HTML PDF 收藏

Health: a dream from reality to the future

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第2期页码 233-235 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0444-0

摘要：

This paper argues that health is a realistic productive force that may enhance the index of happiness. As the basis of all developments and the source of a person’s and his/her family’s happiness, health requires not only primary and secondary prevention, but also policy prevention, that is to say, grade-zero prevention. Therefore, people should pay more attention to Health in All Policies. As a new preventive strategy, the policy prevention will help improve people’s health significantly and promote the concepts of “Healthy China” and “the Chinese Dream” or “the World Dream” to realize a dream from reality to the future.

关键词： health promotion primary and secondary prevention policy prevention infectious disease non-communicable disease

HTML PDF 收藏

Landscape of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in China: impact of ecology, climate, and behavior

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 3-22 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0605-9

摘要：

For the past several decades, the infectious disease profile in China has been shifting with rapid developments in social and economic aspects, environment, quality of food, water, housing, and public health infrastructure. Notably, 5 notifiable infectious diseases have been almost eradicated, and the incidence of 18 additional notifiable infectious diseases has been significantly reduced. Unexpectedly, the incidence of over 10 notifiable infectious diseases, including HIV, brucellosis, syphilis, and dengue fever, has been increasing. Nevertheless, frequent infectious disease outbreaks/events have been reported almost every year, and imported infectious diseases have increased since 2015. New pathogens and over 100 new genotypes or serotypes of known pathogens have been identified. Some infectious diseases seem to be exacerbated by various factors, including rapid urbanization, large numbers of migrant workers, changes in climate, ecology, and policies, such as returning farmland to forests. This review summarizes the current experiences and lessons from China in managing emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, especially the effects of ecology, climate, and behavior, which should have merits in helping other countries to control and prevent infectious diseases.

关键词： infectious disease profile emerging infectious diseases influence factor

HTML PDF 收藏

Transforming bacterial disease surveillance and investigation using whole-genome sequence to probe the

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 23-33 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0607-7

摘要：

Two decades have passed since the first bacterial whole-genome sequencing, which provides new opportunity for microbial genome. Consequently, considerable genetic diversity encoded by bacterial genomes and among the strains in the same species has been revealed. In recent years, genome sequencing techniques and bioinformatics have developed rapidly, which has resulted in transformation and expedited the application of strategy and methodology for bacterial genome comparison used in dissection of infectious disease epidemics. Bacterial whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatic computing allow genotyping to satisfy the requirements of epidemiological study in disease control. In this review, we outline the significance and summarize the roles of bacterial genome sequencing in the context of bacterial disease control and prevention. We discuss the applications of bacterial genome sequencing in outbreak detection, source tracing, transmission mode discovery, and new epidemic clone identification. Wide applications of genome sequencing and data sharing in infectious disease surveillance networks will considerably promote outbreak detection and early warning to prevent the dissemination of bacterial diseases.

关键词： genome sequencing genomic epidemiology bacteria surveillance infectious diseases

HTML PDF 收藏

Nucleic acid-based diagnostics for infectious diseases in public health affairs

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第2期页码 173-186 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0195-5

摘要：

Infectious diseases, mostly caused by bacteria and viruses but also a result of fungal and parasitic infection, have been one of the most important public health concerns throughout human history. The first step in combating these pathogens is to get a timely and accurate diagnosis at an affordable cost. Many kinds of diagnostics have been developed, such as pathogen culture, biochemical tests and serological tests, to help detect and fight against the causative agents of diseases. However, these diagnostic tests are generally unsatisfactory because they are not particularly sensitive and specific and are unable to deliver speedy results. Nucleic acid-based diagnostics, detecting pathogens through the identification of their genomic sequences, have shown promise to overcome the above limitations and become more widely adopted in clinical tests. Here we review some of the most popular nucleic acid-based diagnostics and focus on their adaptability and applicability to routine clinical usage. We also compare and contrast the characteristics of different types of nucleic acid-based diagnostics.

关键词： nucleic acid-based diagnostics infectious disease PCR NASBA LAMP microarray LOAC public health affairs

HTML PDF 收藏

人体微生态与健康

王保红, 姚铭飞, 吕龙贤, 凌宗欣, 李兰娟

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第1期页码 71-82 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.01.008

摘要：

数以万亿计的微生物寄生于人体表面和体内，并与人类起演变多种环境因素可影响胃肠道微生的平衡，这些改变与人体健康和疾病密切相关本文重点关注人体微生与宿主之间的相互作用，总体概括微生物在人体基本生命过程中以及主要疾病中起的作用，如感染性疾病肝脏疾病胃肠道肿瘤、代谢疾病呼吸系统疾病精神或心理疾病和自身免疫疾病等。我们还综述了微生物研究相关术的重要进展，如DNA 测序、代谢组学和基于计算生物信息学的蛋白质组学目前对人类微生态的研究已经更加复杂和全面建议研究应更多关注–宿主微生物的相互作用和因果关系，这有助于我们更好地了解肠道微生物在人类健康和疾病中的作用，并为临床实践提供新的治疗靶点和方法。

关键词：微生物健康传染病肝病胃肠道恶性肿瘤代谢紊乱微生物技术益生菌

HTML PDF 收藏

Oral administration of

Sufen ZHAO,Yuanyuan JIA,Weiwei ZHANG,Lili WANG,Yunfei MA,Kedao TENG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第4期页码 318-326 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015080

摘要： Garlic ( Liliaceae) has been safely used for more than 5000 years, and research on garlic extract is rapidly increasing because of its multiple biological functions. The effects of oral administration of garlic mixture (GM, water-soluble extract) on infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)-infected specific pathogen free male white leghorn chicken were examined through histopathological, immunohistochemical, and Western blot analyses, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results confirmed the protective effects of oral administration of 5 mg·kg BW GM (Group GM1) on bursal lesions after IBDV infection. In particular, protein expression of IBDV in the bursa decreased in Group GM1, indicating that GM administration decreased IBDV replication in the bursa. Furthermore, immunoglobulin M- and A-bearing B lymphocytes significantly increased 7 days post infection in bursae in Group GM1 ( <0.01), suggesting that the oral administration of 5 mg·kg GM offers moderate protection against B cell destruction after IBDV infection. During infection, the concentration of bursal interferon gamma (IFN-g) increased and peaked in Group GM1 earlier than in Group T (IBDV-exposed), demonstrating that GM administration prompted the production of IFN-g to protect against IBDV infection.

关键词： garlic infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) antiviral effect IgM-bearing B lymphocyte

HTML PDF 收藏

Responses to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases: One world, One health

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 1-2 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0619-y

HTML PDF 收藏

Passive antibody therapy in emerging infectious diseases

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1021-y

摘要： The epidemic of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and its variants of concern (VOCs) has been ongoing for over 3 years. Antibody therapies encompassing convalescent plasma, hyperimmunoglobulin, and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) applied in passive immunotherapy have yielded positive outcomes and played a crucial role in the early COVID-19 treatment. In this review, the development path, action mechanism, clinical research results, challenges, and safety profile associated with the use of COVID-19 convalescent plasma, hyperimmunoglobulin, and mAbs were summarized. In addition, the prospects of applying antibody therapy against VOCs was assessed, offering insights into the coping strategies for facing new infectious disease outbreaks.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 convalescent plasma hyperimmunoglobulin neutralizing monoclonal antibodies

HTML PDF 收藏

医疗机构中用于控制空气传播传染病的个体患者通风隔离罩 Review

J. Patel, F. McGain, T. Bhatelia, S. Wang, B. Sun, J. Monty, V. Pareek

《工程（英文）》 2022年第15卷第8期页码 126-132 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.12.024

摘要：

作为一种局部排气通风（LEV）系统，个体患者通风（VIP）隔离罩用于将患者的空气排放物与医护人员（HCW）呼吸的空气进行分离，为减少医院获得性感染（HAI）提供了一种新的途径。最近的研究结果表明，对于典型的患者排放的气溶胶，VIP 隔离罩提供的保护与N95 口罩相当。与口罩不同的是，隔离罩的性能可以被很容易地监控，HCW可以通过警报收到故障提醒。适当使用这些相对简单的设备既可以减少感染控制对个人防护设备（PPE）的依赖，又可以为医院和诊所提供低成本、高能效的防护形式。尽管新冠病毒肺炎（COVID-19）加速了VIP 隔离罩的开发和部署，但这些设备目前仍是一项不成熟的技术。本文描述了VIP隔离罩的现状，并确定了需要进一步开发的方面，包括设备设计和相关使用规则。VIP隔离罩的概念可扩展为为个体患者提供清洁的条件和对其他环境因素如温度和湿度进行个性化控制。

关键词：新冠病毒肺炎个体患者通风隔离罩空气传播医护人员传染病

HTML PDF 收藏

triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1 (sTREM-1): a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of infectious

Changlin Cao, Jingxian Gu, Jingyao Zhang

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 169-177 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0505-z

摘要： Sensitive and useful biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of infectious diseases have been widely developed. An example of these biomarkers is triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1 (TREM-1), which is a cell surface receptor expressed on monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils. TREM-1 amplifies inflammation by activating the TREM-1/DAP12 pathway. This pathway is triggered by the interaction of TREM-1 with ligands or stimulation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Consequently, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are secreted. Soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) is a special form of TREM-1 that can be directly tested in human body fluids and well-known biomarker for infectious diseases. sTREM-1 level can be potentially used for the early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of some infectious diseases, including infectious pleural effusion, lung infections, sepsis, bacterial meningitis, viral infections (e.g., Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever and dengue fever), fungal infections (e.g., infection), and burn-related infections. sTREM-1 is a more sensitive and specific biomarker than traditional indices, such as C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels, for these infectious diseases. Therefore, sTREM-1 is a feasible biomarker for the targeted therapy and rapid and early diagnosis of infectious diseases.

关键词： soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 infectious diseases diagnosis and prognosis biomarker

HTML PDF 收藏

新一代生物工艺研发与制造技术及高通量微小型生物反应器

焦鹏,陈必强

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第4期页码 44-50 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.04.007

摘要：

近些年，人们认识到快速反应时间对应对烈性传染病具有至关重要的作用，然而传统工艺和技术无法有效应对。以美国卫生部为代表的机构提出并开始践行新一代工艺研发与生物制造的技术平台，其目的是要极大缩短生物工艺研发和生产的周期，从而快速应对。精准医学的发展对医药研发与生产也提出了产品研发制备周期短、种类增加、数量减少的新要求，需要新一代的研发与生产技术。实现快速研发的核心设备是微小型生物反应器，新一代技术核心包括高通量筛选、高通量工艺研发，一次性技术，模块化及柔性化生产。新一代工艺研发与生物制造技术不仅关系到国家安全、人民生命健康，其作用及影响将辐射到整个生物加工制造领域，社会与经济价值巨大。

关键词：新一代生物工艺研发与生物制造技术烈性传染病精准医学微小型生物反应器高通量技术一次性技术

HTML PDF 收藏

Unusual global outbreak of monkeypox: what should we do?

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期页码 507-517 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0952-z

摘要： Recently, monkeypox has become a global concern amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Monkeypox is an acute rash zoonosis caused by the monkeypox virus, which was previously concentrated in Africa. The re-emergence of this pathogen seems unusual on account of outbreaks in multiple nonendemic countries and the incline to spread from person to person. We need to revisit this virus to prevent the epidemic from getting worse. In this review, we comprehensively summarize studies on monkeypox, including its epidemiology, biological characteristics, pathogenesis, and clinical characteristics, as well as therapeutics and vaccines, highlighting its unusual outbreak attributed to the transformation of transmission. We also analyze the present situation and put forward countermeasures from both clinical and scientific research to address it.

关键词： monkeypox poxviruses vaccine infectious diseases

HTML PDF 收藏

基于深度序列特征学习的临床感染性角膜炎图像分类 Article

许叶圣, 孔鸣, 谢文加, 段润平, 方钲清, 林宇萧, 朱强, 汤斯亮, 吴飞, 姚玉峰

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第7期页码 1002-1010 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.04.012

摘要：

感染性角膜炎是最常见的角膜疾病之一，病原体在角膜中生长引发炎症反应并损伤角膜组织。感染性角膜炎作为一种临床急症，需要快速、精准的诊断，确保患者能够得到及时、准确的治疗，从而遏制疾病的发展，并将其对角膜的损伤降到最低。否则患者会有失明的风险，严重者甚至会失去眼球。本文提出了一种深度序列特征学习模型，该模型能够通过对临床图像的分类高效地鉴别不同的感染性角膜炎。我们针对感染性角膜炎的特点设计了一种能够解耦临床图像中最具区别
性的特征并保持其空间结构的机制。通过比较，我们提出的深度序列特征学习模型在120张图像的测试集上的准确率能够达到80%，远高于421位眼科医生所能达到的平均水平[(49.27 ± 11.5)]%。

关键词：深度学习角膜病序列特征机器学习长短时记忆